Collection ID: 0023 | Metadata type: TEI | TEI XML | Data

Title

Lewis Psalter

Other related names

• Leber Group, artist (http://viaf.org/viaf/139461779)
• Barnard, Henry Gee, 1789-1858, former owner (http://viaf.org/viaf/51526560)
• Bement, Clarence S. (Clarence Sweet), 1843-1923, former owner (http://viaf.org/viaf/37240377)
• Hoe, Robert, 1839-1909, former owner (http://viaf.org/viaf/17337420)
• Lewis, John Frederick, 1860-1932, former owner (http://viaf.org/viaf/63874811/)
• Lewis, Anne Baker, former owner

Funders

• Council on Library and Information Resources

Call number

Lewis E 185
(Philadelphia, United States, Free Library of Philadelphia, John Frederick Lewis Collection of European Manuscripts)

Alternate identifiers

• https://know.freelibrary.org/Record/1466054
• deRicci: 21
• Leaves-of-gold: 10

Publisher

Free Library of Philadelphia

Language

Latin

Origin

Place

Paris, France

Summary

This lavish illuminated Gallican Psalter with Canticles, Litany, and Prayers (known as the Lewis Psalter) was produced in Paris in the first half of the thirteenth century, during the reign of Saint Louis. The large and elaborate historiated initial B from Psalm 1, showing David Playing the Harp above, David Slaying Goliath below, and seven attendant musicians in the frame, has been displaced to form the verso of the first folio, ahead of the Prefatory cycle. The sumptuous Prefatory cycle, running from folios 2v to 25r, features forty-eight roundels on twenty-four pages depicting the following scenes: the Annunciation and Visitation (fol. 2v); Nativity and Annunciation to the Shepherds (fol. 3r); Journey of the Magi and Magi before King Herod (fol. 4v); Adoration of the Magi and Dream of the Magi (fol. 5r); Massacre of the Innocents and Flight into Egypt (fol. 6v); Wedding at Cana and Baptism of Christ (fol. 7v); Presentation in the Temple and First Temptation of Christ (fol. 8v); Second and Third Temptations of Christ (fol. 9r); Transfiguration and Christ Healing the Demoniac (fol. 10v); Entry into Jerusalem and Judas Accepting the Money (fol. 11r); Betrayal of Christ and Peter Denying Christ with Christ before the High Priest (fol. 12v); Flagellation of Christ and Suicide of Judas (fol. 13r); Pilate Washing his Hands and Christ Carrying the Cross (fol. 14v); Crucifixion and Deposition from the Cross (fol. 15r); Entombment and Resurrection (fol. 16v); Three Marys at the Sepulcher and Harrowing of Hell (fol. 17r); Noli me Tangere and Road to Emmaus (fol. 18v); Supper at Emmaus and Doubting Thomas (fol. 19r); Ascension and Pentecost (fol. 20v); Dormition of the Virgin and Coronation of the Virgin (fol. 21r); Christ in Judgment with Mary and John and Angels holding Instruments of the Passion, and the Last Trumpet (fol. 22v); the Blessed escorted to Heaven and the Damned escorted to Hell (fol. 23r); Crowned Martyrs and Souls in Christ's Bosom, and Tortures at the Mouth of Hell (fol. 24v); and Saint Michael and the Devil Weighing Souls, and the Devil taking a Soul and Saint Michael taking a Soul (fol. 25r). The roundels are arranged vertically, two per page, and inset within elaborate diapered frames. They form illustrated page openings alternating with blank page openings. The Psalter text itself is prefaced by a Calendar (fols. 26r-31v) and followed by a Litany (fols. 188v-191r) and four prayers in a different hand with blank initials (fols. 191r-v). The calendar, illustrated by smaller paired roundels showing the respective Labor of the Month and zodiac sign, includes Saint Savianus, and Saints Amatus and Bercharius, whose feast days were celebrated in Sens, north of Paris. The Lewis Psalter is one of eight French manuscripts from the period to include illustrations for every psalm. There are large historiated initials marking each of the major psalm divisions showing, in addition to the Beatus initial for Psalm 1 on fol. 1v: the Coronation and Anointing of David (Psalm 26, fol. 52r); David Pointing to His Tongue and to Christ (Psalm 38, fol. 66r); David and the Fool (Psalm 52, fol. 78v); David in the Watery Deep, below, and Christ Blessing, above (Psalm 68, fol. 91v); David Playing Bells and a Musician Playing a Viol (Psalm 80, fol. 108r); Four Musicians, above, and Pharaoh and His Men Drowning in the Red Sea, below (Psalm 97, fol. 123r); the Trinity (Psalm 109, fol. 139v). There are also smaller historiated initials for each of the remaining psalms, canticles, and the litany, and for each subdivision within Psalm 118. Each psalm is also accompanied by a marginal rubric drawn from the Psalter commentary of Peter Lombard. Marginal penwork flourishes and gilded zoomorphic line-fillers are found throughout the body of the text. The Lewis Psalter has been included amongst the so-called Leber group manuscripts, and is related in style to First Evangeliary of the Sainte Chapelle and, more distantly, to the great Bibles moralisés of Vienna, Toledo, and Oxford. Folios 2r and 191v contain two additional prayers added in a fifteenth- or sixteenth-century hand. The first prayer (fol. 2r) is to Saint Martial of Limoges, indicating a possible early localization for the manuscript.

Notes

• Fol. 1, with the Beatus initial for Psalm 1 on its verso side, has been removed from its original position preceding fol. 32r and now forms a flyleaf
   
• Prayer to Saint Martial on fol. 2r, written in a fifteenth-century cursive hand, reads: Sanctus Martialis discipulus Chri[sti] virgo. / Crux enim domini armatura v[est]ra invicta contra satanam galea / custodiens caput. Lorica protegens pectus, clipeus tela maligni / repellens; gladius iniquitatem et angelicas insidias p[ervers]sae potestat[is] / sibi propinquare sinens nullo modo. Hoc solo signa celestis victoria / data est nobis et per crucem baptisma sanctificatum est
   
• Note on fol. 32r, written in a late-sixteenth-century hand (the phrase can be attributed to Louis de Blois [1506-1566]) : Psalmodia, carmen est celeste: et eos a quibus colitur sedulo, ex hominibus in angelos transfigurat
   
• Prayer entitled "Oratio" on fol. 191v, consisting of the Collects for the fifth and seventh Sundays after Trinity, written in a fifteenth- or sixteenth-century hand, reads: Da nobis q[uaesumu]s domine [deus noster] ut et mundi cursus nobis pa[ci]fice tuo ordine / dirigatur : et ecclesia tua tranquilla devotione la[e]tetur. / Deus virtutum cui[u]s totium quod est optimum : infere pecto / ribus n[ost]ris amorem tui nominis et pr[aest]a in nobis religio / nis augmentum; ut qu[a]e sunt bona nutriuas ac pietatis / studio qu[a]e sunt nutrita custodias.
   

Extent

I+191+i; 228 x 165 mm bound to 238 x 175 mm

Foliation

Modern foliation in pencil, upper right recto

Collation

1 (9, +1), 2-3 (8), 4 (6), 5-24 (8)

Support

Parchment

Binding

Seventeenth-century, French, black morocco over wooden boards with two clasps; "PSALMODIA" stamped in gold on spine

Layout

One column of twenty lines, ruled in red; written area: 148 x 84 mm, edges trimmed

Decoration

Twenty-five full-page miniatures (prefatory cycle + initial B), twenty-four roundels in calendar, eight large (+/- eight lines) historiated initials, smaller (three-line) historiated initials beginning each of the 150 psalms (as well as divisions in Ps. 118) and canticles throughout, flourished and illuminated initials, illuminated line endings with marginal extensions throughout, some inhabited margins

Script

Gothic--textualis semi-quadrata

Provenance

• Limoges (fifteenth century) ?, Henry Gee Barnard (1789-1858) of Cave Castle, Howden, Yorkshire; Clarence Sweet Bement, Philadelphia (1843-1923); Robert Hoe, New York; sale, Anderson Auction Company, New York, 1912, II, lot 2507; John Frederick Lewis, Philadelphia (through A. S. W. Rosenbach); given by his widow, Anne Baker Lewis, to the Free Library of Philadelphia in 1936
   

Related resources

• A Catalogue Forming a Portion of the Library of Robert Hoe (New York, 1909), pp. 162-164.
• De Ricci, Seymour, with the assistance of W. J. Wilson, Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada, vol. 2 (New York,: H. W. Wilson, 1935-40), p. 2028, no. 21.
• Free Library of Philadelphia, A Descriptive Catalogue of the John Frederick Lewis Collection of European Manuscripts in the Free Library of Philadelphia, compiled by Edwin Wolf, 2nd, with an introduction by Dr. A.S.W. Rosenbach (Philadelphia: The Library, 1937), p. 200-204, no. 185.
• Walters Art Gallery. Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages and Renaissance: An Exhibition Held at the Baltimore Museum of Art, January 27-March 13 (Baltimore: Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, 1949), pp. 21-22, no. 52, pl. 26.
• Branner, Robert, "Le Premier évangélaire de la Sainte-Chapelle," Revue de l'Art 3 (1969), pp. 37-48, esp. p. 45.
• Haussherr, Reiner, Bible moralisée: Faksimile-Ausgabe im Originalformat des Codex Vindobonensis 2554 der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek (Graz: Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt; Paris: Club du Livre, 1973), vol. 2, pp.29-31.
• Branner, Robert, Manuscript Painting in Paris during the Reign of St. Louis: A Study of Styles (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977), pp. 61, 208.
• Luba, Eleen, The Illustration of the Pauline Epistles in French and English Bibles of the Thirteenth Century (Oxford: Clarendon, 1982), p. 134.
• Peterson, Elizabeth A., "Accidents and Adaptations in Transmission among Fully-Illustrated French Psalters in the Thirteenth Century," Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 50 (1987), pp. 375-84.
• Wolf 2nd, Edwin, ed. Legacies of Genius: A Celebration of Philadelphia Libraries, A Selection of Books, Manuscripts and Works of Art (Philadelphia: Philadelphia Area Consortium of Special Collections Libraries, 1988), p. 35, no. 1.
• Oliver, Judith H., Gothic Manuscript Illumination in the Diocese of Liège, c. 1250-c.1330, Corpus of Illuminated Manuscripts from the Low Countries, vol. 2 (Leuven, Belgium: Uitgeverij Peeters, 1988), vol. 1, p. 151, note. 23.
• Peterson, Elizabeth A., "Iconography of the Historiated Psalm Initials in the Thirteenth Century French Fully-Illustrated Psalter Group" Ph.D. Dissertation., University of Pittsburgh, 1991.
• Alexander, Jonathan J. G., Medieval Illuminators and Their Methods of Work, (New Haven: Conn., and London: Yale University Press, 1992), p.p. 163-64, note 15.
• Peterson, Elizabeth A., "The Textual Basis for Visual Errors in French Gothic Psalter Illustration," in The Early Medieval Bible: Its Production, Decoration, and Use, ed. Richard Gameson, Cambridge Studies in Palaeography and Codicology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), pp. 177-204.
• Fitzgerald, Wilma, Ocelli Nominum, (Toronto: Pontifical Institute for Medieval Studies, 2000), p. 78.
• Philadelphia Museum of Art, Leaves of Gold: Manuscript Illumination from Philadelphia Collections, edited by James R. Tanis (Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2001), pp. 51-53, no. 10.
• Büttner, F. O., "Der Illuminierte Psalter im Westen," in The Illuminated Psalter: Studies in the Content, Purpose, and Placement of its Images, ed. F. O. Büttner (Turnhuot: Brepols, 2004), p. 35 (n189); 68 (n21).
• Bräm, Andreas, "Neapolitanische Trecento-Psaltierien," in The Illuminated Psalter: Studies in the Content, Purpose, and Placement of its Images, ed. F. O. Büttner (Turnhout: Brepols, 2004), pp. 197-199.
• Sandler, Lucy Freeman, "Word Imagery in English Gothic Psalters," in The Illuminated Psalter: Studies in the Content, Purpose, and Placement of its Images, ed. F. O. Büttner (Turnhout: Brepols, 2004), 392 (n22).
• Peterson, Elizabeth A., "Scholastic Hermeneutics in Historiated Initials of 13th-Century French Psalters," in The Illuminated Psalter: Studies in the Content, Purpose, and Placement of its Images, ed. F. O. Büttner (Turnhout: Brepols, 2004), pp. 349-360.
• Vidas, Cristina, The Christina Psalter (Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, University of Copenhagen, 2006), pp. 36-38.
• Stahl, Harvey, Picturing Kingship: History and Painting in the Psalter of Saint Louis (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2008), p. 290.
• Frońska, Joanna, "Memory and the Making of Images: A Case of a Legal Manuscript," Manuscripta: A Journal of Manuscript Research 54, no. 1 (2010), p. 3, n. 6 (article pp. 1-20).
• Klancher, Nancy, The Taming Of The Canaanite Woman (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2013), p. 289.
• Frońska, Joanna, "The Memory of Roman Law in an Illuminated Manuscript of Justinian's Digest," in Memory and commemoration in medieval culture, ed. Elma Brenner, Meredith Cohen, and Mary Franklin-Brown (Farnham: Ashgate, 2013), p. 164, n. 9 (article pp. 163-79)
• Bartlett, Robert, Why Can the Dead Do Such Great Things? Saints and Worshippers from the Martyrs to the Reformation (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015), p. 419.

Keywords

• Psalter
• 13th century
• France
• French
• Christian
• Biblical
• Scripture
• Illustration

Licenses

• Text

  These images and the content of Free Library of Philadelphia Lewis E 185: Lewis Psalter are free of known copyright restrictions and in the public domain. See the Creative Commons Public Domain Mark page for usage details, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/.

  URL

  http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/

• Text

  To the extent possible under law, Free Library of Philadelphia, Special Collections has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this metadata about Free Library of Philadelphia Lewis E 185: Lewis Psalter. This work is published from: United States. For a summary of CC0, see https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Legal code: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode.

  URL

  https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode

Table of contents

• fol. 2r — Prayer to Saint Martial, written in a fifteenth- or sixteenth-century hand
• fol. 2v — Prefatory cycle containing forty-eight scenes from the Life of Christ, from the Annunciation to the Last Judgment
• fol. 26r — Calendar
• fol. 32r — Gallican Psalter with Benedictine Canticles, Litany and Prayers

Decorations

• Flyleaf 1 verso — Print catalog entry
• fol. 1v — Initial B (Beatus vir), David playing harp (upper story) and David slaying Goliath (lower story); six roundels in frame containing figures playing musical instruments
• fol. 2v — Annunciation / Visitation
• fol. 3r — Nativity / Annunciation to the Shepherds
• fol. 4v — Full-page miniature with two roundels, Journey of the Three Magi / Three Magi Before Herod
• fol. 5r — Full-page miniature with two roundels, Adoration of the Magi / Dream of the Magi
• fol. 6v — Full-page miniature with two roundels, Massacre of the Innocents / Flight into Egypt
• fol. 7r — Full-page miniature with two roundels, Wedding at Cana / Baptism of Christ
• fol. 8v — Full-page miniature with two roundels, Presentation in the Temple / First Temptation of Christ
• fol. 9r — Full-page miniature with two roundels, Second Temptation of Christ / Third Temptation of Christ
• fol. 10v — Full-page miniature with two roundels, Transfiguration / Healing of the Canaanite Woman's Daughter
• fol. 11r — Full-page miniature with two roundels, Entry into Jerusalem / Judas Receives Thirty Pieces of Silver
• fol. 12v — Full-page miniature with two roundels, Betrayal of Christ / Denial of Peter and Christ before a Judge
• fol. 13r — Full-page miniature with two roundels, Flagellation / Suicide of Judas
• fol. 14v — Full-page miniature with two roundels, Pilate Washing his Hands / Christ Bearing the Cross
• fol. 15r — Full-page miniature with two roundels, Crucifixion / Deposition
• fol. 16v — Full-page miniature with two roundels, Burial of Christ / Resurrection
• fol. 17r — Full-page miniature with two roundels, Three Marys at the Tomb / Harrowing of Hell
• fol. 18v — Full-page miniature with two roundels, Noli me tangere / Christ Appearing on the Road to Emmaus
• fol. 19r — Full-page miniature with two roundels, Supper at Emmaus (Christ disappearing) / Incredulity of Thomas
• fol. 20v — Full-page miniature with two roundels, Ascension / Pentecost
• fol. 21r — Full-page miniature with two roundels, Dormition and Assumption of the Virgin / Coronation of the Virgin
• fol. 22v — Full-page miniature with two roundels, Last Judgment with the Instruments of the Passion / Resurrection of the Dead
• fol. 23r — Full-page miniature with two roundels, Division of the Blessed and the Damned (2 roundels)
• fol. 24v — Full-page miniature with two roundels, Saved Borne to Heaven / Damned Cast into Hell
• fol. 25r — Full-page miniature with two roundels, Weighing of Two Souls / Blessed and Damned Soul divided
• fol. 26r — Marginal roundel with Labor of the Month, Janus / Feasting
• fol. 26r — Marginal roundel with Zodiac sign, Aquarius
• fol. 26v — Marginal roundel with Labor of the Month, Keeping Warm
• fol. 26v — Marginal roundel with Zodiac sign, Pisces
• fol. 27r — Marginal roundel with Labor of the Month, Pruning Vines
• fol. 27r — Marginal roundel with Zodiac sign, Aries
• fol. 27v — Marginal roundel with Labor of the Month, Weeding
• fol. 27v — Marginal roundel with Zodiac sign, Taurus
• fol. 28r — Marginal roundel with Labor of the Month, Hawking
• fol. 28r — Marginal roundel with Zodiac sign, Gemini
• fol. 28v — Marginal roundel with Labor of the Month, Mowing
• fol. 28v — Marginal roundel with Zodiac sign, Leo
• fol. 29r — Marginal roundel with Labor of the Month, Reaping
• fol. 29r — Marginal roundel with Zodiac sign, Cancer
• fol. 29v — Marginal roundel with Labor of the Month, Threshing
• fol. 29v — Marginal roundel with Zodiac sign, Virgo
• fol. 30r — Marginal roundel with Labor of the Month, Treading Grapes
• fol. 30r — Marginal roundel with Zodiac sign, Libra
• fol. 30v — Marginal roundel with Labor of the Month, Making Wine
• fol. 30v — Marginal roundel with Zodiac sign, Scorpio
• fol. 31r — Marginal roundel with Labor of the Month, Thrashing for Acorns
• fol. 31r — Marginal roundel with Zodiac sign, Sagittarius
• fol. 31v — Marginal roundel with Labor of the Month, Slaughtering a Pig
• fol. 31v — Marginal roundel with Zodiac sign, Capricorn
• fol. 32r — Historiated initial Q, Christ stands at left with veiled right hand, gestures with left hand; Pilate in close fitting cap stands at right behind King Herod Antipas, seated on throne, holding sword upright in right hand [3 lines]
• fol. 33r — Historiated initial D, David, barefoot, raises both hands, pushed by crowned Absalom with both hands to left out of doorway of building at right; he looks back [3 lines]
• fol. 33v — Historiated initial C, David stands at left, raises left hand to head of God in cloud at upper right; two men, facing right, kneel in center before nude, homed, golden idol standing on column at right, holding shield in left hand [3 lines]
• fol. 34r — Historiated initial V, Abraham stands center, pushes away to left Hagar in headdress and Ishmael; Sarah and Isaac stand in doorway of building at far right, Isaac turning away [3 lines]
• fol. 34v — Historiated initial D, David in orange mantle faces right, kneels on right knee in prayer below head of God in cloud at upper right [3 lines]
• fol. 35r — Historiated initial D, David stands at left with veiled right, raises left hand, two men (A chitophel? and Absalom?) stand at right, facing him, raise hands to head of Christ in cloud above [3 lines]
• fol. 36r — Historiated initial D, David stands to left of winepress loaded with grapes and gestures to head of God in a cloud [3 lines]
• fol. 36v — Historiated initial C, David, raising left band, stands at left behind two tonsured clerics, seated facing right, looking up; one raises astrolabe in both hands to head of Christ in cloud above left [3 lines]
• fol. 39r — Historiated initial I, Above, David with veiled right, stands, looks up and raises left hand to head of God in cloud; below, two men with pointed hats stand facing each other, one at left cradles lamb(?), holds scroll (resembles small rectangular object) in right hand [8 lines marginal]
• fol. 39r — Historiated initial S, David stands at left before building with crenellated tower and pointed roof, looks up and raises both hands to head of Christ in cloud above [3 lines]
• fol. 39v — Historiated initial U, David stands at left with veiled right and raises left hand; nimbed woman with veiled head (Virgin?) stands at right with book in veiled left hand below head of Christ in cloud [3 lines]
• fol. 40r — Historiated initial D, David stands at left with veiled right hand, raising left; three men in pointed hats stand at right with veiled left hands, one raises right; head of Christ in cloud [3 lines]
• fol. 41r — Historiated initial D, David stands at left with veiled right hand, raising left; tonsured monk and priest stand at right, hold books; head of Christ in cloud above [3 lines]
• fol. 41r — Historiated initial C, Christ, facing right, kneels in prayer below head of God in cloud [3 lines]
• fol. 42r — Historiated initial E, David stands at left, raises both hands; Annas(?) and Caiphas(?) in pointed hats stand at right with veiled left hands; head of God in cloud above [3 lines]
• fol. 42v — Historiated initial D, David kneels at left in Amalecite youth stands prayer, Saul, crowned, at right, facing left, stands at right holding hands crown to David, sword upright, (?)tums already crowned, seated away, looking back at left, who receives it left(7); head of God in in right hand [3 lines], cloud above [3 lines]
• fol. 44r — Zoomorphic initial C
• fol. 45v — Historiated initial C, David with dove at his shoulder stands at left with veiled left hand, points with right to head of Christ in cloud; three men stand at right: Peter holds large key in veiled right hand, Paul holds upright sword in left; no Virgin [3 lines]
• fol. 46v — Historiated initial E, David stands at left with David, facing right, veiled left hand and kneels in prayer below points with right to head cloud [3 lines]. of God in cloud; blessing Christ stands at right with veiled left hand [3 lines]
• fol. 47r — Historiated initial D, Above, head of God in cloud; David kneels at left in prayer, blessing Christ, crowned, stands at right with veiled left hand [3 lines]
• fol. 47v — Historiated initial D, Above, head of God in cloud; below, Crucifixion: Christ crucified, eyes closed, four nails, knot at right; flanked by two trees [3 lines]
• fol. 49v — Historiated initial D, Ecclesia, veiled and crowned, stands center, holds cross-staff in right hand, raises chalice in left, looks up at head of Christ in cloud above right [3 lines + top margin stem]
• fol. 50r — Historiated initial D, Resurrection: David stands at left in prayer, Christ raises left knee to step out of sepulcher to right, holds cross-staff in right hand, raises left hand, looking back to head of God in cloud above [3 lines]
• fol. 50v — Historiated initial A, Ecclesia, facing right, kneels on right knee in prayer below head of God in a cloud [3 lines]
• fol. 51v — Historiated initial I, Above, David stands in prayer below head of God in cloud; below, man at left and woman at right stand in embrace [10 lines marginal]
• fol. 52r — Historiated initial D, David seated in center holding floriated staff in left and raising right; crowned by Jesse(?) standing at right, anointed by Samuel standing at left [7 lines]
• fol. 53r — Historiated initial A, Standing at left, Christ points with right hand to open sepulcher, lid propped up in front and gestures with left to head of God in cloud [3 lines]
• fol. 53v — Historiated initial A, Tonsured priest kneels at left and David stands at far left, raising left hand behind tonsured priest standing before draped altar at right with chalice, raises cross-inscribed wafer with both hands to head of God in cloud above [3 lines]
• fol. 54r — Historiated initial E, Resurrection: Christ rests left foot on lid propped against open sepulcher, raises both hands in prayer to head of God in cloud; square tower at right behind Holy Sepulcher(?) [3 lines]
• fol. 55r — Historiated initial I, Above, David raises right hand, looks at head of God in cloud; below, nimbed Ecclesia, crowned, stands and holds chalice in veiled right hand and staff with pennant in left [10 lines marginal]
• fol. 56v — Historiated initial B, David in orange tunic facing right, kneels in prayer below head of Christ in cloud [3 lines]
• fol. 57v — Historiated initial E, David stands at left, looking up, raised hands; tonsured monk (singing?) and priest standing at right, hold books in left hands and raise right, look at head of God in cloud above [3 lines]
• fol. 58v — Historiated initial B, Crowned Ecclesia stands at right facing left, raises chalice in both hands to head of Christ in cloud; Synagoga, standing left, turns away to left, holding tablets in left hand and broken staff with pennant in right [3 lines]
• fol. 60r — Historiated initial I, Above, Christ, facing right, bears cross, looks at head of God in cloud, indicates Jews with left hand, below, four men in pointed hats stand in group [7 line marginal + one line top margin]
• fol. 61v — Historiated initial D, David stands at left with veiled right hand, points left to head of God in cloud above center; two men with pointed hats, one looks back to David, stand in prayer before nude golden idol standing on column at far right, holding shield in left hand [3 lines]
• fol. 62v — Historiated initial N, David stands at left, points with right hand to broken idol on ground, raises left hand to head of Christ in cloud; two men stand at right, look up [3 lines]
• fol. 64v — Historiated initial D, David in red tunic, hands bound in front, kneels on right knee in prayer below head of Christ in cloud [3 lines]
• fol. 66r — Historiated initial D, David stands at left with veiled right hand, looking up, points with left to mouth; Christ facing him at right, holds book in veiled left hand [8 lines]
• fol. 67r — Historiated initial E, Synagoga with veiled head stands at left, turning away to left and looking down, drops tablets from right hand, unbroken staff with pennant in left; Ecclesia stands at right, looking at head of Christ in cloud, raises chalice in right hand, holds book and staff with pennant in left [3 lines]
• fol. 68r — Historiated initial B, David stands at left, faces five men standing behind seated youths at right, points with right hand to host handed to youth by man, gestures with left to head of Christ in cloud above right [3 lines]
• fol. 69r — Historiated initial Q, David, kneeling facing right, raises right hand to head of Christ in cloud; points with left to stag in front who drinks from stream; tree at far right [3 lines]
• fol. 70r — Historiated initial I, Above, Christ, facing right, kneels beneath head of God in cloud; below, man with green close-fitting cap seated with harp(?) (resembles jug) [7 lines marginal]
• fol. 70r — Historiated initial D, David stands at left, raises left hand to head of Christ in cloud; points with right to gold vessel on ground; four men stand at right, observe David, one pointing to vessel [3 lines]
• fol. 71v — Historiated initial E, Crowned Ecclesia with halo, raising hand, flanked by David, standing at left in prayer, and Christ standing at right, putting arm around her shoulders; above, head of God in cloud [3 lines]
• fol. 72v — Historiated initial D, Beneath head of Christ in cloud, Ecclesia, crowned, stands at left with book in veiled left and chalice in right; Synagoga (no blindfold) turns away to right, no tables [3 lines]
• fol. 73r — Historiated initial O, Ascension: Virgin, half-length at left with veiled right hand, raises left; six apostles, half-length, behind her, Peter at right with book in veiled left; feet only of Christ in cloud; no nimbs [3 lines]
• fol. 73v — Historiated initial M, David(?) King Herod(?) stands in ship of Tharsis and raises axe overhead with both hands [3 lines]
• fol. 74v — Historiated initial A, Nude man in bed, head to left and eyes open, raises left hand, looks at homed(?) devil who stands behind, holding nude soul in right hand [3 lines]
• fol. 75v — Historiated initial D, Man in pointed hat kneels at left facing right, holds crouching lamb in both hands over draped altar at right [3 lines]
• fol. 76v — Historiated initial M, Lamb, facing left, stands between David stands at left and uncrowned Nathan stands at right with veiled left hand, points to it with right [3 lines]
• fol. 77v — Historiated initial Q, King Saul seated at right points sword towards David, seated left, who holds harp on lap [4 lines]
• fol. 78v — Historiated initial D, Bald man in loose tunic stands at right facing left, eats plate with right hand and holds orange club (pig's bladder?) against left shoulder with left hand before Icing seated at left with staff upright in right hand and gesturing with left [8 lines]
• fol. 79r — Historiated initial D, David, uncrowned, stands at left, raises sword overhead with both hands to strike Saul, uncrowned, fleeing to right, raising both hands and looking back [3 lines]
• fol. 79v — Historiated initial E, Boy stands at right, holding bow in right hand before David seated at left, raising left hand, right in lap [3 lines]
• fol. 80v — Historiated initial M, David stands at left, holding lileate scepter upright in left hand, gesturing with right; youth stands at right, holds orange sphere in left hand [3 lines]
• fol. 81v — Historiated initial M, Saul(?) seated at left, raises left hand, holds floriated scepter upright against right shoulder with right hand; nimbed David(?) in grey dress stands in front of tree at right behind messenger(?) as youth kneeling in prayer, facing king [3 lines]
• fol. 82r — Historiated initial S, Above, David(?), seated holds staff upright in left hand; gestures with right; below, winged dragon faces right with tail in ear (sketch of dragon in bottom margin) [3 lines]
• fol. 83r — Historiated initial E, David(?), uncrowned, and Michol(?) Ecclesia(?) stand flanking tall tower and turn away, looking back and raising hands [3 lines]
• fol. 84r — Historiated initial D, David seated at left holds staff upright in right and gestures with left to man standing at right with hands orant [3 lines]
• fol. 84v — Historiated initial E, Above, head of Christ; below, David stands left with hands raised; homed devil stands right holding curved pronged club upright in left, gesturing with right [3 lines]
• fol. 85r — Historiated initial N, Upper half of crenellated tower topples left onto man (no crown) lying on ground, head to left with eyes closed [3 lines]
• fol. 85v — Historiated initial D, Mailed David, uncrowned, stands facing right, holds shield in left hand and sword upright in right; tree at far left [3 lines]
• fol. 86v — Historiated initial E, David(?) stands at left, holds lileate scepter upright in right hand, gestures with left; youth in cap stands at right, holds bow in both hands [3 lines]
• fol. 87r — Historiated initial T, King Nabuchodonosor, with veiled right hand, stands at left facing four men in pointed hats standing at right, looking at each other [3 lines]
• fol. 88r — Historiated initial I, Above, Christ, dressed as shepherd, stands with staff; below, flock grazing in field with three trees [11 lines marginal]
• fol. 89r — Historiated initial D, Aaron stands at left, holds flowering branch (resembles pole) in left hand over Ark of the Covenant (resembles table) [3 lines]
• fol. 89r — Historiated initial E, Man (untonsured) in hooded coat raising both hands stands at left before Ark of the Covenant (resembles table) in center; two youths stand at right [3 lines]
• fol. 91v — Historiated initial S, Above, blessing Christ, half-length, holds globe in veiled left hand; below, David half-length, nude, in water, hands orant [8 lines]
• fol. 93v — Historiated initial D, Before David seated at left, Rechab and Baana stand at right; one as youth holds sword upright in left hand and severed head of Isboseth in right [3 lines]
• fol. 94r — Historiated initial I, three birds perch atop two trees; man stands below, raises two bird-catching rods with both hands [8 lines marginal]
• fol. 95v — Historiated initial D, three men, two at left and one at right, kneel in prayer below head of Christ in cloud [3 lines]
• fol. 96v — Historiated initial Q, Below head of Christ in cloud at upper right, homed Moses stands with veiled right hand looking right, points with left hand to unbroken Tablets of Law on ground [3 lines]
• fol. 98r — Historiated initial U, Synagoga(?) (resembles man), facing right, holds broken lance with pennant in right hand, falls forward, crown falling, drops tablets from right hand, looks back left at head of blessing Christ in cloud above [3 lines]
• fol. 99v — Historiated initial C, Tonsured priest stands behind altar at right, rests left hand on altar, blesses 'with right hand man kneeling in prayer at left, facing right [3 lines]
• fol. 100r — Historiated initial N, Christ at right holds book in left hand and puts arm around shoulders of veiled, crowned Ecclesia at left holding book in veiled right hand and gesturing with left [3 lines]
• fol. 100v — Historiated initial V, God stands at left, crowns with both hands David, seated at right, holding lileate scepter upright in left hand and gesturing with right [3 lines]
• fol. 101v — Historiated initial A, Moses(?) (no horns) stands at left on hill, plunges stick with both hands into water issuing from rock at right [3 lines]
• fol. 104r — Zoomorphic initial Q
• fol. 105v — Historiated initial D, two men in pointed hats stand at left, facing right, one pushes with stick held in right hand four animals to right in front of two trunk tree [3 lines].
• fol. 106v — Historiated initial Q, God stands, facing right, God stands at left, faces God stands facing right God stands at left, cuts vine held with left right, holds pick or hoe between two grapevines with grasps stalk of planted hand by sickle or in both hands to dig at fruit, grasps stem with vine at right with right pruning hook held in rocks or in ground at both hands of one at right [6 hand and grasps one of five right [3 lines]
• fol. 108r — Historiated initial E, David, seated at left, plays three bells with two hammers; below right, seated youth with fillet crown plays viola da gamba [8 lines]
• fol. 109r — Historiated initial D, Flight into Egypt: Virgin holds swaddled Child on left arm, mounted on ass, led by nimbed Joseph the Carpenter with blue hair at right; tree at far left; no idol [3 lines]
• fol. 109r — Historiated initial D, Man in short tunic stands at left, raises sword overhead in right hand and grasps with left hand the hair of man in blue coat kneeling in prayer [3 lines]
• fol. 110r — Historiated initial Q, Tonsured priest stands at left facing right in prayer before draped altar at right with chalice and corporal [3 lines]
• fol. 111r — Historiated initial B, Nativity: Child behind atop arch; Joseph in pointed hat, head in hand, at right; no book [8 lines]
• fol. 111v — Historiated initial I, Bearded man in pointed hat stands facing right on rock above pool of water, cuts open bird held in left hand with knife held in right [3 lines]
• fol. 112v — Historiated initial F, Dormition of the Virgin: two nimbed men lay Virgin, head to left, in sepulchre; blessing Christ holds soul in veiled left [3-line block + 3-line marginal stem]
• fol. 113r — Historiated initial D, Moses(?) stands at left and puts band on back to push into flames son of Kore in short tunic, facing right, looking back and raising hands [3 lines]
• fol. 114r — Historiated initial M, Father and Son stand; hold books in veiled left hands, raise right in blessing; no sun, no moon [3 lines]
• fol. 116v — Historiated initial D, Man walks to right, carries basket on shoulders, held with both hands [3 lines]
• fol. 117v — Historiated initial Q, Christ with veiled left hand at left, blesses David at right raising right hand; no beasts [3 lines]
• fol. 118v — Historiated initial B, David, facing right, kneels in prayer [3 lines]
• fol. 119v — Historiated initial D, David (no nimb), mailed, stands looking right, holding shield in left hand and sword upright in right [3 lines]
• fol. 119v — Historiated initial D, Man stands at left, raises sword overhead in right hand, grasps with left hand hair of man, facing right, kneeling in prayer [3 lines]
• fol. 121r — Historiated initial U, David, uncrowned, stands at right in prayer before Christ standing at left with book in veiled left and gesturing with right [3 lines]
• fol. 121v — Historiated initial C, three men, facing each other, play instruments: one with drum, one with trumpet, one with trumpet and bell [3 lines]
• fol. 122v — Historiated initial D, Youth stands at right; David, holding lileate scepter in right hand and raising left, seated at left [3 lines]
• fol. 123r — Historiated initial C, Above, four men in short tunics play instruments; below, two men at each side, drowning with eyes dosed, flank man falling forward over head of horse into water [8 lines]
• fol. 123v — Historiated initial D, Christ stands at left with veiled right hand, gestures with left to man standing at right [3 lines]
• fol. 124v — Historiated initial M, David stands at left, holds lileate scepter upright in right hand and raises left hand; at right, two women in white barbettes and caps, one starts to fall to right [3 lines]
• fol. 125r — Historiated initial D, Blessing Christ stands at left, holds book in veiled left hand; David, facing left, kneels in prayer at right [5 lines]
• fol. 126v — Historiated initial B, Lion facing left, reclines on rock above pool of water [3 lines]
• fol. 128r — Historiated initial B, David stands at left; dog(?) Iion(?) or ass(?) stands at right on rock above stream, looking up [3 lines]
• fol. 129v — Historiated initial C, Pharaoh, crowned, seated at left, holds out large key to young Joseph standing before him at right [3 lines]
• fol. 132r — Historiated initial C, two men, facing right, kneel at left in prayer before grey calf atop column with platform [3 lines]
• fol. 134v — Historiated initial C, Annunciation to the Shepherds: man with hood seated at left, holds shepherd's staff, looks at head of angel (no wings) in cloud who gestures to youth standing at right and holding staff in left hand, playing pipe with right; tree in center, no animals [3 lines]
• fol. 137r — Historiated initial P, Jacob with blue hair, seated, blesses (arms not crossed) Ephraim and Manasses kneeling on either side in prayer [3 lines]
• fol. 137v — Historiated initial D, Judas, looking right, hangs from tree by rope around neck, cleft in middle, grasping rope with right hand, tunic pulled away to show cleft in middle [3 lines]
• fol. 139v — Historiated initial D, Trinity: nimbed, bearded Father and Son seated, blessing with books; dove descends from cloud [8 lines]
• fol. 140r — Historiated initial C, two angels, one nimbed, stand at left and right facing each other, play trumpets [3 lines]
• fol. 140v — Historiated initial B, Man stands at left, hands Man stands at left, hands Man in bonnet in center Man stands at left, hands round bread with left hand to boy kneeling in prayer at right [3 lines]
• fol. 141r — Historiated initial L, Standing at right, Samuel(?) puts right hand on head of David(?) as youth, standing at left in prayer [3 lines]
• fol. 141v — Historiated initial I, Above, crenellated tower with dome; middle, nude idol stands, holding lance upright in right hand and shield in left; below, two men kneel in prayer [11 lines marginal]
• fol. 143r — Historiated initial D, Samson, walking right, holds one orange, one blue Gate of Gaza on his back with rope held in both hands [3 lines]
• fol. 143v — Historiated initial C, Tonsured priest stands behind draped altar at right, hands host with right hand to man kneeling at left in prayer [3 lines]
• fol. 144r — Historiated initial L, two spies as youths hold staffs in right hands, cany cluster of grapes of Escol suspended from pole balanced on the left shoulder, walk right [3-line block, 5-line marginal stem]
• fol. 144r — Historiated initial C, Man at left scales ladder to right against crenellated tower [3 lines]
• fol. 145v — Historiated initial B, Standing man in blue hooded coat, facing right, reads from open book held in both hands [3 lines]
• fol. 146r — Historiated initial I, David, facing right and looking up, kneels in prayer below head of God in cloud [7 lines marginal]
• fol. 146v — Historiated initial R, God half-length in cloud holds a rope around neck of David, facing right and looking up, kneeling in prayer [3 lines]
• fol. 147r — Historiated initial A, David, head to left against pillow, eyes closed, lies in bed [3 lines]
• fol. 147v — Historiated initial L, two standing men, face each other, each gestures with hand [3-line block + top margin stem]
• fol. 147v — Historiated initial E, Hand in cloud blesses Man stands looking left, Above, blessing Christ David, facing right, David, facing right, holds unrolled blank half-length in sphere holds kneels in prayer and kneeling on right knee scroll overhead with book in left hand; below, looks up [3 lines], in prayer [3 lines]
• fol. 148r — Historiated initial M, Man stands at left, raises sword in right hand, pushes down with left hand on head of man, facing right, kneeling in prayer at right [3 lines]
• fol. 148v — Historiated initial P, Man seated facing right reads from book held open with both hands [3-line block, 3-line marginal stem]
• fol. 149r — Historiated initial B, Man stands at left, raises sword in right hand, grasps with left hand hair of man (no halo), facing right and looking up, kneeling in prayer [3 lines]
• fol. 149v — Historiated initial M, Job(?), facing right, nude to waist, seated at left on rock, prays to head of Christ in cloud; clothed woman stands at right, raises one hand, looking at him [3 lines]
• fol. 150r — Historiated initial D, Presentation in the Temple: Simeon with blue hair receives seated, clothed, blessing Christ with veiled hands; Joseph at left [3 lines]
• fol. 150v — Historiated initial I, God the Father, facing right, stands holding book in veiled left hand, raises right to cloud with red sun at left and yellow moon at right [9 lines marginal]
• fol. 151r — Historiated initial Q, Man, seated at left, raises right hand to youth standing before him at right, gesturing with right hand [3 lines]
• fol. 151r — Historiated initial L, Man, seated at left, raises right hand to tonsured monk in hooded coat standing before him, gesturing with right hand [3 lines]
• fol. 151v — Historiated initial I, Above, standing David, facing right, holds floriated scepter against right shoulder with right hand and looks at head of Christ in cloud; below, bird in water [6 lines marginal + bottom margin]
• fol. 152r — Historiated initial F, Christ stands at left, pushes away to right three men in pointed hats, one looks back [3 lines]
• fol. 152v — Historiated initial M, Annunciation: angel at left; nimbed Virgin at right holds book in veiled left [3 lines]
• fol. 153r — Historiated initial I, Above, nimbed dove, head down; below, tonsured priest, facing left and looking up, stands in prayer [8 lines marginal]
• fol. 153v — Historiated initial C, Tonsured priest in hooded mantle, facing right, kneels at left before draped altar at right [3 lines]
• fol. 154r — Historiated initial V, Man stands on back of dragon, head to right and twisted up, drives staff with both hands into its open mouth [3 lines]
• fol. 154r — Historiated initial P, David, seated at left, raises branch in right hand, grasps hair and pushes down on head of man, nude to waist, crouching at right [3 lines]
• fol. 154v — Historiated initial A, Man in bonnet walks to right with lamb over top of his head on shoulders [3 lines]
• fol. 155r — Historiated initial A, David, facing right, kneels at left in prayer before draped altar at right; head of God in cloud above right; no steps [3 lines]
• fol. 155v — Historiated initial L, Man stands at left, blows horn held in both hands before tall tower at right [3 lines]
• fol. 156r — Historiated initial L, Aaron(?) stands at left, facing right, before altar, holds flowering branch upright in right hand [3 lines]
• fol. 156v — Historiated initial A, Seated woman with hat at left raises left hand to address girl standing at right, gesturing with right [3 lines]
• fol. 156v — Historiated initial N, Harrowing of Hell: Christ, standing at right, in mantle baring one shoulder, holds staff in left hand and grasps with right those of one of two nude souls standing on lower jaw of Hell [3 lines]
• fol. 157r — Historiated initial Q, Man at left and woman at right, facing each other, stand gesturing with hand beneath head of Christ in cloud [3 lines]
• fol. 157v — Historiated initial I, Above, David stands looking right, holds floriated sceptre in right hand; below, man stands looking right, holds sheaf of wheat on left shoulder with both hands [9 line marginal]
• fol. 158r — Historiated initial N, Psalmist stands at left with veiled left hand, raises right hand to breast, looks at three Jews standing at right [3 lines]
• fol. 158r — Historiated initial B, Tonsured clerk at left and woman in barbette and cap at right seated at table with two fish and animal head on plates [3 lines]
• fol. 158v — Historiated initial S, Man, standing at left, holds rocks in tunic with right hand; raises one in right hand to throw at man, facing right, kneeling on right knee in prayer [3 lines]
• fol. 159r — Historiated initial D, Jonah, nude, raises left knee to step out of jaws of whale to right, hands held in prayer; no tree [3 lines]
• fol. 159v — Historiated initial D, Tonsured priest at left bows in prayer before draped altar with chalice and corporal at right [3 lines]
• fol. 159v — Historiated initial M, Blessing Christ at left steps out of sepulcher, holds cross-staff in left hand; nimbed Virgin with veiled head and veiled left hand at right stands in sepulchre, raises right band; no book [3 lines]
• fol. 160v — Historiated initial E, David, standing at left, holds staff in right hand and raises left; man in hooded coat at right raises right hand [3 lines]
• fol. 161r — Historiated initial E, Man with veiled left stands at bottom of staircase of 12 steps, gestures with right hand [3 lines]
• fol. 161r — Historiated initial L, Jacob at right wrestles with angel at left; no ladder [3 lines]
• fol. 162r — Historiated initial C, two kings hang by rope around neck, nude to waist and hands behind their backs, Joshua(?) stands at right, holds rope in right hand [3 lines]
• fol. 163r — Historiated initial S, three Jews, facing left, look four men seated at left, at stream flowing right facing right, in prayer to left on diagonal; man on bank of river [3 in front puts hand to lines], face; no tree [3 lines]
• fol. 163v — Historiated initial C, Sacrifice of Isaac: Abraham at left holds dagger in right hand to neck of Isaac, head to left, lying on back on altar; gold nimbed angel (no wings) raises hand; ram at base of altar; tree behind Abraham at left [3 lines]
• fol. 164v — Historiated initial D, David stands with sword in scabbard at waist, holds staff in right hand [3 lines]
• fol. 165v — Historiated initial E, two men in foot combat: left one holds shield and axe, right one holds shield, covering his face, and club [3 lines]
• fol. 166v — Historiated initial D, Woman, facing right, seated at desk, bolds book open with both hands, looks up at red sun in cloud [3 lines]
• fol. 167v — Historiated initial V, Entombment of Christ: shrouded Christ laid in sepulcher by two nimbed men; no spices [3 lines]
• fol. 168r — Historiated initial D, Above, Resurrection: empty sarcophagus with drapery hanging over edge; displaced lid lays on diagonal; below, three sleeping soldiers [3 lines]
• fol. 168v — Historiated initial B, David kneels at left, raises loaded sling to throw rock at Goliath with closed helm, standing at right, sword in scabbard, holding lance upright in left hand, shield in right [3 lines]
• fol. 169v — Historiated initial E, David, facing right, kneels in prayer below the head of Christ in cloud [3 lines]
• fol. 171r — Historiated initial L, Cleric kneels at left in prayer before altar at right below head of Christ in cloud [3-line block, 7-line marginal stem]
• fol. 171v — Historiated initial L, Pelican in her piety at top of center of three trees [3-line block, 7-line marginal stem]
• fol. 172r — Historiated initial L, Head of Christ at top of crenellated tower [3-line block, 6-line marginal stem]
• fol. 172v — Historiated initial L, Angel at left and man at right stand facing each other, gesturing with hand [3 lines]
• fol. 173v — Historiated initial C, two tonsured monks stand facing right, in prayer; one in back points right index up; one in front holds book open with both hands [3 lines]
• fol. 174r — Historiated initial L, two angels play instruments; one at left with pipe; one at right with drum [3-line block, 4-line marginal stem]
• fol. 174v — Historiated initial E, Man (perhaps Isaiah or Hezekiah of Judah), gesturing downward toward left
• fol. 175v — Historiated initial E, Woman (perhaps Anna, wife of Elcana), in barbette, bleeding, seated with a blood-stained book
• fol. 176v — Historiated initial C, Blond woman in long blue robe gestures to two pairs of music-making Jews wearing shorter robes and Phrygian caps; the first of the left-hand pair holds a stick and drum; the first of the right-hand pair blows a shofar
• fol. 178r — Historiated initial D, Christ child, in a crib atop a turret with an ox and an ass; Joseph to the right looks toward the Christ child
• fol. 179v — Historiated initial A, Moses, on the left, with horns, speaks with two Jews on the right in Phrygian caps
• fol. 183r — Historiated initial B, Three figures framed by a round brick window
• fol. 184r — Historiated initial T; Two angels face each other with hands folded in prayer, two men partially visible behind
• fol. 185r — Historiated initial B, Elizabeth, in barbette, faces Zachariah, both standing in prayer
• fol. 186r — Historiated initial M; Visitation, with Mary holding a book, facing Elizabeth on the right, who points upward with right hand
• fol. 186v — Historiated initial N; Presentation in the Temple; Mary, with Joseph behind her, elevates the Christ Child above the brick altar covered in cloth; Simeon stands opposite, blessing the Christ Child
• fol. 186v — Historiated initial Q, Christ seated on bench, pointing upward with left hand and holding a book in the right
• fol. 188v — Historiated initial K, Tonsured priest at altar with sacraments, chalice and cloth covering the host
• fol. 191r — Illuminated initial D
• fol. 191r — Illuminated initial O
• Flyleaf 1 verso — Print catalog entry