Collection ID: 0031 | Metadata type: TEI | TEI XML | Data

Title

Book of Hours, Use of Paris

Other related names

• Workshop of the Bedford Master, active 1415-1430, artist (http://viaf.org/viaf/73763752)
• Circle of Jacquemart, de Hesdin, active 1380-1411, artist (http://viaf.org/viaf/4811651)
• Spitzer, Frédéric, 1815-1890, former owner (http://viaf.org/viaf/45364163)
• Collins, Philip S., former owner
• Collins, Mary Schell, former owner

Funders

• Council on Library and Information Resources

Call number

1945‑65‑5
(Philadelphia, United States, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Department of Prints, Drawings, and Photographs, Philip S. Collins Collection)

Alternate identifiers

• DeRicci: 18
• Calkins: 103

Publisher

Department of Prints, Drawings, and Photographs

Language

Latin; Middle French (ca. 1400-1600)

Origin

Place

Paris, France

Summary

This Book of Hours for the Use of Paris, typical of luxury manuscripts created at the beginning of the fifteenth century, is richly illuminated with fourteen large miniatures and thirty-four small miniatures, as well as calendar vignettes and twenty-eight historiated and inhabited initials. The book begins with a calendar (pp. 1-24), in French, followed by Gospel Lessons (pp. 25-39), illustrated with miniatures of the Evangelists, and the Passion according to Saint John and to Saint Matthew (pp. 41-74, beginning and miniature for both sections lacking). The Hours of the Virgin (pp. 77-192) was planned with an extra page tipped-in to accommodate a large miniature (pp. 75-76), but this was never completed; the remaining miniatures from the Hours of the Virgin are intact. The Hours of the Cross (pp. 193-202), introduced by a miniature of the Crucifixion, is followed by the Hours of the Holy Spirit (pp. 203-210, miniature lacking). The Penitential Psalms, Litany, and Prayers (pp. 213-252) are introduced by a miniature of King David in Prayer. The Fifteen Joys of the Virgin and the Seven Requests to Our Lord follow (pp. 253-264), though each has lost its initial miniature. The Office of the Dead (pp. 265-347) begins with a miniature showing a Funeral Scene. The suffrages (pp. 349-426) are richly illustrated with small miniatures, beginning with The Descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Faithful, and include unusual saints such as Roman and Audoen (?), Nicasius and his companions, Leobinus, Giles, Erkenwald, Susanna, Avia and Austrebertha. The presence of Saint Erkenwald may indicate that the book was made for an English patron resident in Paris during the occupation. The suffrages are followed by a prayer to the Virgin in French (pp. 427-438). The book's most distinguishing feature are its set of twenty-four readings for Masses (pp. 439-566), each introduced by an inhabited or historiated initial. A portrait of the book's unidentified female owner, dressed in red, is included on p. 566. The "Salve regina" prayer, introduced by an inhabited initial of the Virgin and Child, is followed by prayers for the Elevation of the Host and Salutations (pp. 567-575). Another section of Marian and other prayers is introduced by an historiated initial showing the Virgin Mary weaving (pp. 576-582). The book is concluded by the Obsecro te and O intemerata (pp. 583-595), introduced by another inhabited initial of the Virgin and Child. Millard Meiss attributed the miniatures with diapered backgrounds in the Hours of the Virgin and the Crucifixion to the Circle of Jacquemart de Hesdin, and the more painterly miniatures found in the calendar (except for the retouched July), the four Evangelists, and everything after David at Prayer in the Penitential Psalms to the Atelier of the Bedford Master. The miniatures on pages 13, 171, 351, 378, and 424 have been retouched, perhaps while the volume was in the possession of Frédéric Spitzer. No earlier provenance for the manuscript is known.

Notes

• Grey silk pastedowns pasted onto first and last flyleaves
   
• Calendar, some prayers, and some rubrics in French
   

Extent

Ii+299+ii; 207 x 138 mm bound to 218 x 158 mm

Foliation

Nineteenth- or twentieth-century pagination in ink, upper right recto and upper left verso

Collation

1 (12), 2 (8), 3 (10, -1 -7), 4 (8), 5 (9, +2), 6-12 (8), 13 (8, -1), 14 (4), 15 (8), 16 (8, -7), 17 (8, -4), 18 (6), 19-22 (8), 23 (2), 24 (8), 25 (8, -6), 26-27 (8), 28 (6), 29-39 (8)

Support

Parchment

Catchwords

Horizontal catchwords, lower right recto, some trimmed, at pages 56, 72, 90, 122, 138, 240, 254, 268, 296, 312, 328, 344, 364, 394, 422, 454, 470, 502, 518, 534, 550, and 582

Binding

Nineteenth-century red velvet; gold-tooled red leather slipcase with "HORAE, EARLY 15th CENTURY" inscribed on spine

Layout

One column of sixteen lines, ruled in brown ink; written area: 104 x 67 mm

Decoration

Fourteen large miniatures; thirty-four small miniatures; calendar vignettes with Signs of the Zodiac and Labors of the Month; twenty-eight historiated and inhabited initials; full foliate borders on pages with miniatures; single-side foliate borders on most remaining pages; illuminated initials and line-fillers throughout

Script

Gothic--textualis

Provenance

• Frédéric Spitzer, Paris (his sale, Paris, 17 April 1893, num. 3005); Philip S. Collins; gift of Mary Schell Collins in memory of her husband, 1945
   

Related resources

• Frédéric Spitzer, La collection Spitzer: Antiquité, moyen-âge, renaissance (Paris: Quantin, 1890-1892), vol. 5, p. 135, no. 3
• Catalogue des objets d'art et de haute curiosite, antiques, du Moyen-âge & de la renaissance: composant l'importante et précieuse collection Spitzer (Paris, 1893), num. 3005
• Millard Meiss, "Exhibition of French Manuscripts of the XIII-XVI Centuries at the Bibliothèque Nationale", Art Bulletin XXXVIII (1956), p. 193, n. 23
• Supplement to the Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada, originated by C. U. Faye, continued and edited by W. H. Bond (New York: The Bibliographical Society of America, 1962), p. 471, no. 18.
• Zigrosser, Carl, "The Philip S. Collins Collection of Mediaeval Illuminated Manuscripts," Philadelphia Museum of Art Bulletin 58, no. 275 (Autumn 1962): pp. 18-19 (article pp. 3-34).
• Millard Meiss, French Painting in the Time of John of Berry: The Late Fourteenth Century and the Patronage of the Duke (London: Phaidon, 1967), Vol. I, 359.
• Robert G. Calkins, A Medieval Treasury: An Exhibition of Medieval Art from the Third to the Sixteenth Century (Ithaca: Office of University Publications, Cornell University, 1968), cat. 103, pp. 175-177.
• Beyond Use: A Digital Database of Variant Readings in Late Medieval Books of Hours (https://web.archive.org/web/20190501135828/http://www6.sewanee.edu/beyonduse/details.php?mssby=Repository&repository=Museum+of+Art&manuscript=PhilaMAms1945-65-05)

Keywords

• Book of Hours
• 15th century
• French
• Illumination
• France
• Devotion

Licenses

• Text

  These images and the content of Department of Prints, Drawings, and Photographs 1945‑65‑5: Book of Hours, Use of Paris are free of known copyright restrictions and in the public domain. See the Creative Commons Public Domain Mark page for usage details, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/.

  URL

  http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/

• Text

  To the extent possible under law, Philadelphia Museum of Art has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this metadata about Department of Prints, Drawings, and Photographs 1945‑65‑5: Book of Hours, Use of Paris. This work is published from: United States. For a summary of CC0, see https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Legal code: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode.

  URL

  https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode

Table of contents

• 1 — Calendar, in French
• 25 — Gospel Lessons
• 41 — Passion according to John (beginning lacking) followed by prayer, "Culter qui circumscidisti..."
• 51 — Passion according to Matthew (beginning lacking)
• 77 — Hours of the Virgin (beginning lacking)
• 193 — Hours of the Cross
• 203 — Hours of the Holy Spirit (beginning lacking)
• 213 — Penitential Psalms, Litany, and Prayers
• 253 — Fifteen Joys of the Virgin, in French (beginning lacking)
• 261 — Seven Requests to Our Lord, in French (beginning lacking)
• 265 — Office of the Dead
• 349 — Suffrages
• 427 — Prayer, in French, "Royne des cieulx glorieuse, Fille et mère Dieu précieuse..."
• 439 — Mass of the Holy Spirit
• 444 — Masses of the Holy Trinity, Nativity, Epiphany, Easter Day, and Ascension
• 472 — Masses for Corpus Christi, Assumption of the Virgin, Nativity of the Virgin, Conception of the Virgin, Purification of the Virgin, Annunciation, and Common Mass of the Virgin
• 511 — Mass for the Holy Cross
• 515 — Masses for Angels, Saint John the Baptist, All Saints, Apostles, a Single Martyr, Several Martyrs, a Single Confessor, a Single Confessor who is not a Pope, Virgins, and the Dead
• 567 — Prayer to the Virgin, "Salve regina...," followed by prayers for the Elevation of the Host and Salutations
• 576 — Prayer to the Virgin, in French, "O très certaine esperance, deffenseresse et vraye amie...," followed by Latin prayers "Illumina oculos meos...," "Omnipotens sempiterne deus...," "Angele qui meus es custos...," "Concede misericors deus...," and "Domine ihesu christe qui hanc..."
• 583 — Obsecro te followed by O intemerata

Decorations

• Flyleaf 2 recto — Bookplate, Philip S. Collins
• 1 — Marginal vignette with Labor of the Month, Feasting
• 1 — Marginal vignette with Zodiac sign, Aquarius
• 3 — Marginal vignette with Labor of the Month, Chopping wood
• 3 — Marginal vignette with Zodiac sign, Pisces
• 5 — Marginal vignette with Labor of the Month, Pruning
• 5 — Marginal vignette with Zodiac sign, Aries
• 7 — Marginal vignette with Labor of the Month, Weeding
• 7 — Marginal vignette with Zodiac sign, Taurus
• 9 — Marginal vignette with Labor of the Month, Hawking
• 9 — Marginal vignette with Zodiac sign, Gemini
• 11 — Marginal vignette with Labor of the Month, Mowing
• 11 — Marginal vignette with Zodiac sign, Cancer
• 13 — Marginal vignette with Labor of the Month, Reaping
• 13 — Marginal vignette with Zodiac sign, Leo
• 15 — Marginal vignette with Labor of the Month, Threshing
• 15 — Marginal vignette with Zodiac sign, Virgo
• 17 — Marginal vignette with Labor of the Month, Treading Grapes
• 17 — Marginal vignette with Zodiac sign, Libra
• 19 — Marginal vignette with Labor of the Month, Sowing
• 19 — Marginal vignette with Zodiac sign, Scorpio
• 21 — Marginal vignette with Labor of the Month, Thrashing for Acorns
• 21 — Marginal vignette with Zodiac sign, Sagittarius
• 23 — Marginal vignette with Labor of the Month, Slaughtering a Pig
• 23 — Marginal vignette with Zodiac sign, Capricorn
• 25 — Large miniature, Saint John on Patmos
• 25 — Full foliate border
• 25 — Illuminated initial I
• 29 — Large miniature, Saint Luke
• 29 — Full foliate border
• 29 — Illuminated initial I
• 33 — Large miniature, Saint Matthew
• 33 — Full foliate border
• 33 — Illuminated initial C
• 37 — Large miniature, Saint Mark
• 37 — Full foliate border
• 37 — Illuminated initial I
• 116 — Large miniature, Visitation
• 116 — Full foliate border
• 116 — Illuminated initial D
• 137 — Large miniature, Nativity
• 137 — Full foliate border
• 137 — Illuminated initial D
• 147 — Large miniature, Annunciation to the Shepherds
• 147 — Full foliate border
• 147 — Illuminated initial D
• 155 — Large miniature, Adoration of the Magi
• 155 — Full foliate border
• 155 — Illuminated initial D
• 163 — Large miniature, Presentation in the Temple
• 163 — Full foliate border
• 163 — Illuminated initial D
• 171 — Large miniature, Flight into Egypt
• 171 — Full foliate border
• 171 — Illuminated initial D
• 183 — Large miniature, Coronation of the Virgin
• 183 — Full foliate border
• 183 — Illuminated initial C
• 193 — Large miniature, Crucifixion
• 193 — Full foliate border
• 193 — Illuminated initial D
• 196 — Illuminated initial D
• 198 — Illuminated initial D
• 199 — Illuminated initial D
• 199 — Illuminated initial H
• 200 — Illuminated initial D
• 200 — Illuminated initial H
• 201 — Illuminated initial D
• 202 — Illuminated initial C
• 202 — Illuminated initial H
• 203 — Illuminated initial D
• 204 — Illuminated initial D
• 205 — Illuminated initial D
• 206 — Illuminated initial D
• 207 — Illuminated initial D
• 208 — Illuminated initial D
• 209 — Illuminated initial C
• 210 — Illuminated initial H
• 213 — Large miniature, King David in Prayer
• 213 — Full foliate border
• 213 — Illuminated initial D
• 265 — Large miniature, Funeral scene
• 265 — Full foliate border
• 265 — Illuminated initial D
• 349 — Small miniature, The Descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Faithful
• 349 — Full foliate border
• 351 — Small miniature, Saint Michael
• 351 — Full foliate border
• 352 — Small miniature, Saint John the Baptist and Saint John the Evangelist
• 352 — Full foliate border
• 354 — Small miniature, Saint Peter and Saint Paul
• 354 — Full foliate border
• 356 — Small miniature, Saint Andrew and Saint James
• 356 — Full foliate border
• 358 — Small miniature, Saint Thomas and Saint Bartholomew
• 358 — Full foliate border
• 360 — Small miniature, Saint Vincent and the Stoning of Saint Stephen
• 360 — Full foliate border
• 363 — Small miniature, Saint George and Saint Lawrence
• 363 — Full foliate border
• 364 — Small miniature, Saint Christopher and Saint Blaise
• 364 — Full foliate border
• 366 — Small miniature, Martyrdom of Saint Denis and his companions
• 366 — Full foliate border
• 369 — Small miniature, Saint Cosmas and Saint Damian
• 369 — Full foliate border
• 370 — Small miniature, Saint Peter Martyr and the Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian
• 370 — Full foliate border
• 373 — Small miniature, Massacre of the Innocents
• 373 — Full foliate border
• 375 — Small miniature, Saint Nicholas and a Martyr
• 375 — Full foliate border
• 376 — Small miniature, Saint Martin
• 376 — Full foliate border
• 378 — Small miniature, Saint Roman and Saint Audoen (?)
• 378 — Full foliate border
• 380 — Small miniature, Saint Nicasius and his companions
• 380 — Full foliate border
• 382 — Small miniature, Saint Germain and Saint Julian
• 382 — Full foliate border
• 384 — Small miniature, Saint Leobinus and Saint Maurus
• 384 — Full foliate border
• 387 — Small miniature, Saint Leonard with two prisoners
• 387 — Full foliate border
• 389 — Small miniature, Saint Augustine
• 389 — Small miniature, Saint Francis
• 389 — Full foliate border
• 394 — Small miniature, Saint Anthony and Saint Giles
• 394 — Full foliate border
• 395 — Small miniature, Saint Matthew and the Martyrdom of Saint Bartholomew
• 395 — Full foliate border
• 399 — Small miniature, Saint Erkenwald and Saint Medericus
• 399 — Full foliate border
• 402 — Small miniature, Saint Anastasia and a Female Saint
• 402 — Full foliate border
• 404 — Small miniature, Saint Susanna and Saint Avia
• 404 — Full foliate border
• 411 — Small miniature, Saint Anne and the Virgin and Saint Mary Magdalene
• 411 — Full foliate border
• 413 — Small miniature, Beheading of Saint Catherine and Saint Margaret
• 413 — Full foliate border
• 416 — Small miniature, Saint Agnes and Saint Agatha
• 416 — Full foliate border
• 418 — Small miniature, Saint Lucy and Saint Austrebertha
• 418 — Full foliate border
• 421 — Small miniature, Martyrdom of Saint Appolonia
• 421 — Full foliate border
• 424 — Small miniature, Saint Genevieve
• 424 — Full foliate border
• 427 — Inhabited initial R, Virgin in Glory
• 439 — Historiated initial S, Baptism of Christ
• 444 — Historiated initial B, Trinity
• 447 — Historiated initial P, Nativity
• 455 — Historiated initial E, Journey of the Magi
• 461 — Historiated initial R, Resurrection
• 465 — Historiated initial V, Ascension
• 472 — Historiated initial C, Corpus Christi Procession
• 477 — Historiated initial G, Assumption of the Virgin
• 483 — Historiated initial G, Birth of the Virgin
• 490 — Historiated initial G, Meeting at the Golden Gate
• 492 — Historiated initial S, Presentation of the Virgin in the Temple
• 499 — Historiated initial R, Annunciation
• 505 — Historiated initial S, Raising of the Host at Mass
• 511 — Historiated initial N, Saint Helena discovering the Cross
• 515 — Historiated initial B, Four Angels
• 519 — Historiated initial D, Saint John the Baptist
• 522 — Illuminated initial I
• 525 — Historiated initial G, All Saints
• 532 — Historiated initial M, Apostles
• 536 — Historiated initial L, Communion
• 540 — Historiated initial I, Drollery
• 545 — Historiated initial S, Confessors
• 551 — Historiated initial O, A Bishop Saint
• 556 — Historiated initial L, Wise and Foolish Virgins
• 558 — Illuminated initial I
• 561 — Historiated initial R, Prayer at Mass
• 566 — Small miniature, Female donor in prayer
• 566 — Full foliate border
• 567 — Inhabited initial S, Virgin and Child
• 576 — Historiated initial O, The Virgin Weaving
• 583 — Inhabited initial O, Virgin and Child
• 589 — Illuminated initial O
• Flyleaf 2 recto — Bookplate, Philip S. Collins