Collection ID: 0031 | Metadata type: TEI | TEI XML | Data

Title

Book of Hours, Use of Rome (Victorines‑d'Auxy Hours)

Other related names

• Workshop of Colombe, Jean, active 1463-1498, artist (https://viaf.org/viaf/79259494)
• Geoffroy de Victorines, Grand maître de France sous Louis XI, former owner
• Catherine d'Auxy, former owner
• Yemeniz, Nicolas 1783-1871, former owner (https://viaf.org/viaf/193447088)
• Brölemann, Henry Auguste 1775-1854, former owner (https://viaf.org/viaf/306258238)
• Brölemann, Thierry, former owner
• Brölemann, Arthur-Auguste 1826-1904, former owner (https://viaf.org/viaf/90747473)
• Madame Étienne Mallet, former owner (https://viaf.org/viaf/93687784)
• Edwards, Francis, former owner
• Collins, Philip S., former owner
• Collins, Mary Schell, former owner

Funders

• Council on Library and Information Resources

Call number

1945‑65‑15
(Philadelphia, United States, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Department of Prints, Drawings, and Photographs, Philip S. Collins Collection)

Alternate identifiers

• Leaves-of-gold: 24
• deRicci: 11

Publisher

Department of Prints, Drawings, and Photographs

Language

Latin; Middle French (ca. 1400-1600)

Origin

Place

Bourges, France

Summary

This Book of Hours for the Use of Rome was made in Bourges, circa 1475-1480, and is known as the "Victorines-d'Auxy Hours" after its presumed patrons, grand maître de France Geoffroy de Victorines and his wife Catherine d'Auxy. The coats of arms on fols. 7r, 13r, and 79v may be theirs. If so, this would suggest the figures kneeling before the Virgin and Child on fol. 25r as Catherine and her daughter. The manuscript was illuminated by the workshop of Jean Colombe and contains a calendar in French (fols. 1r-6v); Gospel Lessons (fols. 7r-12v); Obsecro te (fols. 13r-15v); O intemerata, lacking its ending (fols. 16r-17v); the Hours of the Virgin, lacking its beginning (fols. 18r-60r); Suffrages (fols. 61r-68v); the Hours of the Cross (fols. 69r-79r); the Hours of the Holy Spirit (fols. 79v-85v); the Penitential Psalms (lacking their beginning), Litany, and prayers (fols. 86r-96v); and the Office of the Dead (fols. 97r-127v). The first folios of the Hours of the Virgin and Penitential Psalms have presumably been removed for their miniatures. Almost every remaining folio has a foliate border, many inhabited by birds, insects, and animal hybrids. The miniature of the Virgin and Child on fol. 16r has a full panel border with an angelic choir, and the funerary scene on fol. 97r has a series of border vignettes with scenes from the life of Christ. The calendar is embellished with border vignettes showing the Labours of the Months and signs of the Zodiac, and the Suffrages with small miniatures showing each saint commemorated there. The Hours of the Cross features an unusually extensive cycle of seven large miniatures with events from the Passion of Christ, and Hours of the Holy Spirit has six large miniatures showing the Annunciation, Pentecost, and scenes from the Acts of the Apostles. The miniatures are attributed to the workshop of the prolific Bourges illuminator, Jean Colombe.

Notes

• Paper flyleaves contemporary with seventeenth-century binding
   
• Calendar in French
   
• Leaves missing between fols. 17 and 18 and between fols. 80 and 81
   
• Verses, antiphons, and responses written in smaller script
   

Extent

Iv+128+v; 174 x 112 mm bound to 181 x 125 mm

Foliation

Modern foliation in pencil, upper right recto

Collation

1 (6), 2 (8), 3 (3, +1), 4 (7, +7), 5 (8), 6 (6, +2 +3), 7-8 (8), 9 (6), 10-11 (8), 12 (7, +4), 13 (3, +3), 14 (8), 15 (2), 16-19 (8)

Support

Parchment

Catchwords

Occasional horizontal catchwords in ink, lower right last verso (fols. 54v, 86v, 112v)

Binding

Seventeenth-century morocco (circa 1660-1670), probably French; gilt-tooled; contemporary marbled endpapers

Layout

One column of eighteen lines; frame-ruled in faint red ink; written area: 93 x 65 mm

Decoration

Initials in red, blue, and gold throughout; two inhabited initials; partial foliate borders, some with animal hybrids, birds, and insects, on almost every page; full foliate borders surrounding most large miniatures, full panel borders surrounding two miniatures; twenty-nine border vignettes; twenty-six large miniatures; fifteen small miniatures

Script

Bâtarde

Provenance

• Geoffroy de Victorines, grand maître de France sous Louis XI, and his wife, Catherine d'Auxy (coats of arms, lower margin fols. 1r, 13r); relatively early French owner or dealer note in ink, perhaps contemporary with binding, first upper flyleaf verso; Henri-Auguste Brölemann (1755-1854), Lyons (his octagonal label on lower left corner of inside front cover, "A 122"); Thierry Brölemann, Lyons, 1854; Arthur Auguste Brölemann (armorial bookplate, inside front cover, numbered B71 in pencil; his catalogue, 1897, p. 43, no. 90); Madame Étienne Mallet (her sale, Sotheby's, London, May 4-5, 1926, lot 54); Francis Edwards, London (bookseller); modern French owner or dealer note in pencil, second flyleaf recto; Philip S. Collins; gift of Mary Schell Collins in memory of her husband, 1945
   

Related resources

• Catalogue des manuscrits et livres rares de la bibliothèque d'Arthur Brölemann (Lyon: Alexandre Rey, 1897), p. 43, no. 90.
• Zigrosser, Carl, "The Philip S. Collins Collection of Mediaeval Illuminated Manuscripts," Philadelphia Museum of Art Bulletin 58, no. 275 (Autumn 1962): p. 23 (article pp. 3-34).
• Louise W. Lippincott, "The Unnatural History of Dragons", Philadelphia Museum of Art Bulletin, Vol. 77, No. 334, The Unnatural History of Dragons (Winter, 1981), p. 6 (article pp. 2-24).
• Philadelphia Museum of Art, Leaves of Gold: Manuscript Illumination from Philadelphia Collections, edited by James R. Tanis (Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2001), pp. 89-90, no. 24.
• Seidel, Christine, Jean Colombe, Guillaume Piqueau, Louis Fouquet (?): zwei unbekannte bedeutende Stundenbücher aus dem Fouquet-Kreis um 1475 (Ramsen: Tenschert, 2014), p. 211 (erroneously identified as PMA 1945-65-19).

Keywords

• Book of Hours
• 15th century
• French
• France
• Heraldry
• Missing leaves
• Private devotional text
• Devotion
• Illumination

Licenses

• Text

  These images and the content of Department of Prints, Drawings, and Photographs, 1945‑65‑15: Book of Hours, Use of Rome (Victorines‑d'Auxy Hours) are free of known copyright restrictions and in the public domain. See the Creative Commons Public Domain Mark page for usage details, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/.

  URL

  http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/

• Text

  To the extent possible under law, Philadelphia Museum of Art has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this metadata about Department of Prints, Drawings, and Photographs 1945‑65‑15: Book of Hours, Use of Rome (Victorines‑d'Auxy Hours). This work is published from: United States. For a summary of CC0, see https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Legal code: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode.

  URL

  https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode

Table of contents

• fol. 1r — Calendar, in French
• fol. 7r — Gospel Lessons
• fol. 13r — Obsecro te
• fol. 16r — O intemerata (end lacking)
• fol. 18r — Hours of the Virgin, beginning and miniature for Matins (Annunciation) lacking
• fol. 61r — Suffrages
• fol. 69r — Hours of the Cross
• fol. 79v — Hours of the Holy Spirit (Prime and its miniature between fols. 80 and 81 lacking )
• fol. 86r — Penitential Psalms, Litany, and Prayers (beginning and miniature lacking)
• fol. 97r — Office of the Dead

Decorations

• Inside front cover — Armorial bookplate, A. Brölemann
• Flyleaf 1 verso — Description of the manuscript in ink, in French
• Flyleaf 2 recto — Notations in pencil
• Flyleaf 3 recto — Notations in pencil
• fol. 1r — Border vignettes, Keeping Warm; Aquarius
• fol. 1v — Border vignettes, Digging; Pisces
• fol. 2r — Border vignettes, Pruning vines; Aries
• fol. 2v — Border vignettes, Walking in the countryside; Taurus
• fol. 3r — Border vignettes, Riding; Gemini
• fol. 3v — Border vignettes, Reaping hay; Cancer
• fol. 4r — Border vignettes, Reaping wheat; Leo
• fol. 4v — Border vignettes, Sowing; Virgo
• fol. 5r — Border vignettes, Feeding pigs; Libra
• fol. 5v — Border vignettes, Treading grapes; Scorpio
• fol. 6r — Border vignettes, Baking; Sagittarius
• fol. 6v — Border vignettes, Slaughtering a pig; Capricorn
• fol. 7r — Large miniature, Saint John the Evangelist
• fol. 7r — Coat of arms of Geoffroy de Victorines
• fol. 7r — Full foliate border with animal hybrids
• fol. 7r — Illuminated initial I
• fol. 7v — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 8r — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 8v — Large miniature, Saint Luke
• fol. 8v — Full foliate border with angel and animal hybrids
• fol. 8v — Illuminated initial I
• fol. 9r — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 9v — Marginal figure, putto with animal hybrid
• fol. 10r — Large miniature, Saint Matthew
• fol. 10r — Full foliate border with animal hybrids
• fol. 10r — Illuminated initial C
• fol. 10v — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 11r — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 11v — Large miniature, Saint Mark
• fol. 11v — Full foliate border with animal hybrids
• fol. 11v — Illuminated initial I
• fol. 12r — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 12v — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 13r — Large miniature, Virgin and Child with two female donors
• fol. 13r — Coat of arms of Geoffroy de Victorines and Catherine d'Auxy
• fol. 13r — Full foliate border with animal hybrids
• fol. 13r — Illuminated initial O
• fol. 13v — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 14r — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 14v — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 16r — Large miniature, Virgin and Child
• fol. 16r — Full panel border with angelic choir
• fol. 16r — Inhabited initial O with angel
• fol. 18r — Marginal figure, animal hybrid playing bagpipes
• fol. 18v — Marginal figure, animal hybrid playing bagpipes
• fol. 19r — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 19v — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 20r — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 20v — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 21r — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 21v — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 22r — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 22v — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 23r — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 23v — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 24r — Marginal figure, bird
• fol. 24v — Marginal figure, bird
• fol. 30r — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 31r — Large miniature, Visitation
• fol. 31r — Full foliate border with bird and animal hybrid
• fol. 31r — Illuminated initial D
• fol. 32r — Marginal figures, bird and moth
• fol. 32v — Marginal figures, bird and moth
• fol. 37r — Marginal figure, bird
• fol. 37v — Marginal figure, bird
• fol. 38r — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 38v — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 40v — Large miniature, Annunciation to the Shepherds
• fol. 40v — Full foliate border with animal hybrid
• fol. 40v — Illuminated initial D
• fol. 41r — Marginal figures, moths
• fol. 41v — Marginal figures, moths
• fol. 42r — Marginal figure, bird
• fol. 42v — Marginal figure, bird
• fol. 44r — Large miniature, Nativity
• fol. 44r — Full foliate border with animal hybrid
• fol. 44r — Illuminated initial D
• fol. 47r — Marginal figure, moth
• fol. 47v — Large miniature, Presentation in the Temple
• fol. 47v — Full foliate border with animal hybrid and bird
• fol. 47v — Illuminated initial D
• fol. 51r — Large miniature, Flight into Egypt
• fol. 51r — Full foliate border with animal hybrid and bird
• fol. 51r — Illuminated initial D
• fol. 52r — Marginal figure, bird
• fol. 52v — Marginal figure, bird
• fol. 57r — Large miniature, Coronation of the Virgin
• fol. 57r — Full foliate border with bird and animal hybrid
• fol. 57r — Illuminated initial C
• fol. 61r — Small miniature, Saint Michael
• fol. 61v — Small miniature, Saint John the Baptist
• fol. 62r — Small miniature, Saint Peter
• fol. 62v — Small miniature, Saint Paul
• fol. 63r — Small miniature, Saint Christopher
• fol. 63v — Small miniature, Saint George
• fol. 64r — Small miniature, Saint Louis
• fol. 64v — Small miniature, Saint Julian
• fol. 65r — Small miniature, Saint Edmund
• fol. 65v — Small miniature, Saint Mary Magdalene
• fol. 66r — Small miniature, Saint Catherine of Alexandria
• fol. 66r — Marginal figure, moth
• fol. 66v — Small miniature, Saint Margaret
• fol. 66v — Marginal figure, moth
• fol. 67r — Small miniature, Saint Anne
• fol. 67v — Small miniature, Saint Barbara
• fol. 68r — Small miniature, Saint Catherine of Siena
• fol. 68r — Marginal figure, bird
• fol. 69r — Large miniature, Arrest of Christ
• fol. 69r — Full foliate border with animal hybrid and bird
• fol. 69v — Marginal figure, bird
• fol. 70v — Large miniature, Christ before Pilate
• fol. 70v — Full foliate border with animal hybrid and bird
• fol. 70v — Illuminated initial D
• fol. 72r — Large miniature, Christ carrying the Cross
• fol. 72r — Full foliate border with animal hybrid and moth
• fol. 72r — Illuminated initial D
• fol. 72v — Marginal figure, moth
• fol. 73v — Large miniature, Christ nailed to the Cross
• fol. 73v — Full foliate border with animal hybrid and bird
• fol. 73v — Illuminated initial D
• fol. 75r — Large miniature, Crucifixion
• fol. 75r — Full foliate border with animal hybrid and bird
• fol. 75r — Illuminated initial D
• fol. 76v — Large miniature, Deposition
• fol. 76v — Full foliate border with animal hybrid and moth
• fol. 76v — Illuminated initial D
• fol. 78r — Large miniature, Entombment
• fol. 78r — Full foliate border with animal hybrid and bird
• fol. 78r — Illuminated initial C
• fol. 79v — Large miniature, Annunciation
• fol. 79v — Coat of arms, Geoffroy de Victories and Catherine d'Auxy
• fol. 79v — Illuminated initial D
• fol. 81r — Large miniature, Pentecost
• fol. 81r — Full foliate border with animal hybrid and bird
• fol. 81r — Illuminated initial D
• fol. 82r — Large miniature, Saint Peter preaching
• fol. 82r — Full foliate border with animal hybrid
• fol. 82r — Illuminated initial D
• fol. 83r — Large miniature, Saint Peter and Saint John perform a healing miracle(?)
• fol. 83r — Full foliate border with animal hybrid and bird
• fol. 83r — Illuminated initial D
• fol. 84r — Large miniature, Saint Peter and Saint John healing the lame man(?)
• fol. 84r — Full foliate border with animal hybrid and bird
• fol. 84r — Illuminated initial D
• fol. 84v — Marginal figure, bird
• fol. 85r — Large miniature, Saint Peter and Saint John healing the lame man(?)
• fol. 85r — Full foliate border with animal hybrid and bird
• fol. 85r — Illuminated initial C
• fol. 93r — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 93v — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 97r — Large miniature, Funeral scene
• fol. 97r — Panel border with vignettes of scenes from the life of Christ
• fol. 97r — Historiated initial D with skull
• fol. 103r — Marginal figure, moth
• fol. 103v — Marginal figure, moth
• fol. 110r — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 110v — Marginal figure, animal hybrid
• fol. 114r — Marginal figure, animal hybrid playing a wind instrument
• fol. 114v — Marginal figure, animal hybrid playing a wind instrument
• Flyleaf 1 verso — Description of the manuscript in ink, in French
• Flyleaf 2 recto — Notations in pencil
• Flyleaf 3 recto — Notations in pencil